Diagnóstico e primeira manifestação de displasia arritmogênica de ventrículo direito em paciente sexagenário / Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in sexagenary patient

A displasia arritmogênica de ventrículo direito (DAVD) é uma das principais causas de morte súbita em indivíduos jovens. Suas manifestações e consequente diagnóstico costumam ser precoces ainda na adolescência ou no adulto jovem. Nesse contexto, o diagnóstico em doente sexagenário sem história familiar sugestiva ou sintomas prévios e com possibilidade de tratamento torna esse caso único na literatura.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is one of the major causes of death in younger patients and its manifestations and diagnosis used to be early. In this context, diagnosis in a sexagenary patient without famylial history or previous symptoms and with possibility of correct treatment make this case unique.

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes and Takayasu arteritis.

INTRODUCTION: Monitoring of disease activity and the best therapeutic approach are a challenge in Takayasu arteritis (TA). When associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the best interventional treatment has not been established. The objective of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment and long-term outcome of patients with TA and ACS. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed eight patients between 2004 and 2010. The following data were obtained: age, gender, clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations, Killip class, risk factors for ACS, markers of myocardial necrosis (CK-MB and troponin), creatinine clearance, left ventricular ejection fraction, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]), medication during hospital stay, angiographic findings, treatment (medical, percutaneous or surgical) and long-term outcome. Statistical data were expressed as percentages and absolute values. RESULTS: All eight patients were women, median age 49 years. Typical chest pain was present in 37.5%. Elevated ESR was observed in 85.7%. Three patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, three underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty (two with bare-metal stents and one with a drug-eluting stent) and two were treated medically. In-hospital mortality was 25%. There were no deaths during a mean follow-up of 30 months. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, patients who were discharged home had good outcomes in long-term follow-up with medical, percutaneous or surgical treatment. ESR appears to be associated with ACS in TA.

Rare manifestation of acute pulmonary edema associated with acute lupus myocarditis.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease, occurring more frequently in women, usually aged between 16 and 55 years 1, 2. Although classically the kidneys are the organs most affected in SLE, cardiopulmonary circulation and the heart may also be affected significantly 3. In this context, the occurrence of acute pulmonary edema associated with lupus myocarditis is rare and specific immunosuppressive therapy remains unclear.

Manifestação rara de edema agudo de pulmão associado à miocardite lúpica aguda / Rare manifestation of acute pulmonary edema associated with acute lupus myocarditis

O lupus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é a mais comum das doenças auto-imunes sistêmicas, ocorrendo com maior freqüência no sexo feminino, usualmente na faixa etária entre 16 e 55 anos1,2. Embora os rins classicamente sejam os órgãos mais acometidos no LES, o coração e a circulação cardiopulmonar também podem ser afetados de forma significativa3. Nesse contexto, a ocorrência de edema agudo de pulmão associado à miocardite lúpica é rara e de tratamento imunossupressor específico ainda incerto.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease, occurring more frequently in women, usually aged between 16 and 55 years1,2. Although classically the kidneys are the organs most affected in SLE, cardiopulmonary circulation and the heart may also be affected significantly3. In this context, the occurrence of acute pulmonary edema associated with lupus myocarditis is rare and specific immunosuppressive therapy remains unclear.

Association between immunological diseases and their similar clinical manifestations.

We report on a 30-year-old female patient, with biological mitral valve prosthesis due to symptomatic mitral stenosis and a history of acute myocardial infarction and generalized tonic-clonic seizure episodes, visual hallucinations, cerebral thromboembolic events and, at present, chorea and acute carditis. The patient was diagnosed with active rheumatic fever (RF), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The combination of three unusual diagnoses in the same patient makes this a unique case, modifying patient treatment and prognosis.

Associação entre doenças imunológicas e suas manifestações clínicas semelhantes / Association between immunological diseases and their similar clinical manifestations / Asociación entre enfermedades inmunológicas y sus manifestaciones clínicas semejantes

Trata-se de um caso de uma paciente de 30 anos do sexo feminino, com prótese biológica valvar mitral em razão de estenose mitral sintomática e antecedentes de infarto agudo do miocárdio, episódios de convulsões tônico-clônicas generalizadas, alucinações visuais, eventos tromboembólicos cerebrais, apresentando no momento coreia e cardite aguda. Foram diagnosticados na paciente febre reumática em atividade, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídeo. A combinação de três diagnósticos incomuns em um mesmo paciente torna esse caso único, modificando o tratamento e seu prognóstico.

We report on a 30-year-old female patient, with biological mitral valve prosthesis due to symptomatic mitral stenosis and a history of acute myocardial infarction and generalized tonic-clonic seizure episodes, visual hallucinations, cerebral thromboembolic events and, at present, chorea and acute carditis. The patient was diagnosed with active rheumatic fever (RF), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The combination of three unusual diagnoses in the same patient makes this a unique case, modifying patient treatment and prognosis.

Se trata de un caso de una paciente de 30 años del sexo femenino, con prótesis biológica valvular mitral en razón de estenosis mitral sintomática y antecedentes de infarto agudo de miocardio, episodios de convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas, alucinaciones visuales, eventos tromboembólicos cerebrales, presentando en el momento corea y carditis aguda. Fueron diagnosticados en la paciente fiebre reumática en actividad, lupus eritematoso sistémico y síndrome del anticuerpo antifosfolípido. La combinación de tres diagnósticos infrecuentes en un mismo paciente vuelve este caso único, modificando el tratamiento y su pronóstico.